33 results
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
the knees and hips ... Passive neck flexion causes ... While the pathophysiology ... flexion occurs as ... In very young (less
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Presentation - Young ... syndromes such as ... Radiographic findings (eg ... Laboratory findings (eg ... VEP’s: EEG of visual
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Hepatitis • HIV ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary ... Disease Neurologic ... • Drug Abuse (e.g
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
flow to tissues, also ... stagnant hypoxia (e.g ... carrying capacity (e.g ... cannot use oxygen (e.g ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Risks factor for HIV ... peripheral blood smear, HIV ... function test, ANA (e.g ... (CVID, WAS), (neurologic ... not required in all
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... unless worrisome EKG
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... Escorial criteria uses ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) comprise a heterogenous group of disorders. 
They represent fundamental responses of
indicates unknown cause ... these patterns are also ... vascular diseases (e.g ... , OP and LIP have ... Diagnosis #Radiology #Pulmonary
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Lumbar Puncture, EEG ... (for secondary APS ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology