11 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... CNS infection (e.g ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
symptom of something ... • Vascular (e.g ... • Infection (e.g ... • Neurologic (e.g ... • Chemical (e.g
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... Signs and symptoms ... Radiographic findings (eg ... Laboratory findings (eg ... VEP’s: EEG of visual
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... (e.g. oculomotor ... AQP4-lgG disease; e.g ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... carbon monoxide (eg ... living conditions (eg ... vascular diseases (eg ... #redflags #signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
are not caused ... of diagnosis (e.g ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs ... #Symptoms
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
characterized by: • Headache ... mental status • Headache ... Neurological symptoms ... • EEG: With persistent ... the underlying cause
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Enteroviruses (e.g ... Coltivirus Symptoms ... : • Headache ... influenzae Symptoms ... Acute meningeal signs
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
exposed tothe sun (e.g ... , oral cavity) Caused ... gluconeogenesis enzymes (e.g ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology