16 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... infusions) - Metabolic ... diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... Treatment is aimed ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... infusions) - Metabolic ... diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Diagnosis and Management ... , Heat stroke, Metabolic ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Summary #causes ... #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
and Management ... Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... #nephrology #K
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... Then, ask 3 questions ... approach to the differential ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... #management #nephrology
Myasthenia Gravis - Summary
 • an autoimmune disease of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction associated with antibodies
More likely to cause ... • All patients ... glucocorticoids - can cause ... Gravis #diagnosis #management ... #neurology #treatment
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Reversible course Differential ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #neurology