10 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
. ↑ Nacl delivery ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic ... Pons: ODS #MRI ... Patterns #Toxicology #Metabolic ... Disorders #Clinical #Differential ... Diagnosis #Radiology #Neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #differential # ... potassium #high #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... sedation, narcotics, CVA ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #differential # ... potassium #high #nephrology
Evolution of MRI Findings in Stroke

MR images at five subsequent time points in a 67-year-old woman
it possible to differentiate ... hyperintense at all ... #Evolution #MRI ... Progression #Stroke #CVA ... Interpretation #Findings #Neurology
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - Overview
Types of CRRT
 • CVVHD - Continuous Veno-Venous hemodialysis -
electrolytes (essentially hyperkalemia ... correction of metabolic ... Ca drip running ... 4K, 2K, or 0K (all ... #Indications #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... /CTA • Anterior ... Reversible course Differential ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Differential Diagnosis ... METABOLIC - Electrolyte ... Hyponatremia • Hypocalcemia ... Patients with all ... Seizure #Elderly #Neurology