24 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... - Metabolic alkalosis ... • Fatigue Chloride ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... ↑ K+ and ↑ H+ secretion ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... and metabolic alkalosis ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
ACE-Is and ARBs ... loads (ammonium chloride ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypomagnesemia • Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #diagnosis #nephrology