26 results
The Chvostek sign (/ˈkvɒstɪk/) is a clinical sign of existing nerve hyperexcitability (tetany) seen in hypocalcemia.It
The Chvostek sign ... hypocalcemia.It refers to an abnormal ... hyperventilation, which causes ... serum Ca2+ with a normal ... Video #Clinical #endocrinology
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
Classification Types - Pathophysiology ... in blood flow caused ... Depends on the cause ... : Normal cardiac ... #Shock #Types #Pathophysiology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... C deficiency, anticoagulation ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... • Other rare causes ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Proximal Weakness, Normal ... Myopathy (Also caused ... hydroxychloroquine therapy), Normal ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... deficiency leads to abnormal ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... to be falsely normal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Symptoms
Increased dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic projection
-> Dopaminergic neurons here project into the limbic
. -> Abnormal dopamine ... is thought to cause ... is thought to cause ... Schizophrenia #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... Areflexia (loss of normal ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... dot/blot hemorrhages ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs