21 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... C deficiency, anticoagulation ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: Commonly no signs ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Anaplasma Infection - Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Pathophysiology: 
 • Obligate, intracellular bacteria
 • Transmitted via blacklegged tick —
phagocytophilum Pathophysiology ... within morulae Signs ... and symptoms: ... transaminases - BWH ... Anaplasma #Infection #diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria • Signs ... → Diagnostic of ... catheterization • BPH ... induced bleeding • Anticoagulation
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... reflexes) • Urinary ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... failure PBC Signs ... and Symptoms:
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... dot/blot hemorrhages ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
injury, Hematuria, Urinary ... bladder stones #BPH ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Urology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis