12 results
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Pathogenesis and clinical ... retinal layers -> Dot ... retinal ischemia causes ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... hyalinization causes ... dot/blot hemorrhages ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
mobilization or supine position ... Caused commonly ... Pathophysiology: ... #PhysicalExam #clinical ... #neurology #posture
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Optica (NMO) - Clinical ... involvement: Intractable nausea ... pain • Extra-CNS complications ... (AQP4-positive ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... HAGMA • Late complication ... Myoglobinuria: UA positive ... #treatment #nephrology
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Prevalence: 1-2 cases ... Person Syndrome Pathophysiology ... Clinical Manifestations ... emotions - A positive ... Testing anti-GAD (positive
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
convoluted tubule (DCT ... ) Clinical Presentation ... diarrhea Potential Complications ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology