13 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
(HPS) HPS-differential ... 2. ... Diseases of the lung ... Patients with liver ... Alveolar-arterial
Appearance of Liver Lesions on Various Imaging Modalities
 • Computed Tomography (CT) - Arterial Phase, Portal
Tomography (CT) - Arterial ... portal venous, T1 arterial ... - Early arterial ... Grayscale phase, Late arterial ... #radiology #differential
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Summary A defect in arterial ... absence of intrinsic lung ... anatomic shunt (Type 2) ... cycles after right atrial ... passage • Arterial
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... identify left atrial ... test for DM Atrial ... cardioversion 2.
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
arterial hypertension ... causes (chronic lung ... ventricular size, Right atrial ... ventricular septum 2) ... Hypertension #diagnosis #management
Appearance of Liver Lesions on Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound - Early arterial, Grayscale phase, Late arterial phase,
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ... - Early arterial ... Grayscale phase, Late arterial ... #Contrast #POCUS ... #radiology #differential
Severe Heart Failure & Cardiogenic Shock - Management Checklist 
Evaluation 
 - EKG & echocardiography
and/or digoxin level ... 1 — Treat the lungs ... hypertension Rx 2 ... (no B-lines on ultrasound ... #Management
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
verrucous) • Lung ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #management
Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) Windows
1. ME 5-Chamber view 
2. ME 4-Chamber view 
3. ME-Commissural view 
4. ME
ME-Long axis view ... ME Right Pulmonary ... Upper Right & Left Pulmonary ... ME Left Atrial Appendage ... Views #diagnosis #cardiology
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
or family - Ever ... murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... days before Pulmonary ... unless prior heart/lung ... medical and surgical management