4040 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Diffuse and focal arterial ... terminal retinal arterioles ... of optic disc arterioles ... of optic disc arterioles ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
of giant cell arteritis ... Is visual loss caused ... the optic nerve caused ... posterior ciliary arteries ... Doppler US : halo sign
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Hughes' Syndrome) 
Antiphospholipid syndrome - an autoimmune condition where the affected individual produces antibodies
It can cause arterial ... Syndrome #APLS #Signs
Differentiating Features Between Central and Peripheral Cyanosis

Mechanism - Arterial destauration
Sites - Skin, mucous membrane of oral
Mechanism - Arterial ... therapy - Pulmonary cause ... Cyanosis worsens Arterial ... same or improves Arterial ... Peripheral #Comparison #Signs
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
13 Dangerous Causes ... temporal (giant cell) arteritis ... thrombophilia, neurologic signs ... symptoms in non-arterial
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Uncommon Causes ... of the spiral arteries ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... - The classic signs
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
hair follicles -> causes ... Vasospasm of dermal arterioles ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
Presence of pulmonary arterial ... other obvious causes ... m/s • Other signs ... - Mechanism: causes
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... Most Common Causes ... moderate-to-severe cases ... Nasal polyps and signs ... CT) • Broncho-arterial
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
perfusion of retinal arterioles ... retinal edema caused ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs