11 results
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
• Symptoms of anemia ... • hemolytic anemia ... Blood smear - RBC ... malignancies -> CLL ... red blood cells (RBCs
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Burr Cell RBC (Echinocyte ... Bite Cell RBC: G6PD ... Unstable hemoglobin disorders ... iron deficiency anemia ... hematology #microscopy #atlas
Anemia Diagnostic Algorithm

Mean corpuscular (cell) volume (MCV): Average RBC size. Under 80 = microcytic. Between 80-95
Anemia Diagnostic ... Mean corpuscular (cell ... Red cell distribution ... (BM) ablative disorders ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Workup
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Consider sickle cell ... Agglutination - Cold agglutinins ... membrane disorder ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #workup
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... . primary cold agglutin ... lymphoproliferative disorders ... • Intrinsic RBC
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders ... Diagnosis and Workup ... changes), high MCV anemia ... not required in all ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
incompetent • CLL ... Lymphocytosis on CBC ... lymphoproliferative disorders ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... Leukemia #diagnosis #workup
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon hematological malignancy arising from mature B cells. It
• Autoimmune disorders ... Weight loss • Anemia ... Immune hemolytic anemia ... Hodgkin Lymphoma Workup ... platelets - WBC
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Rheumatology Workup ... Screening Tests for All ... the presence of anemia ... metabolic or endocrine disorders ... Arthritis #laboratory #workup
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4)

Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap:
•
Albumin > 4) Work-up ... myeloma • Plasma cell ... Connective tissue disorders ... autoimmune hepatitis, PBC ... anemia • Other