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diagnosis differential hematology treatment nephrology signs rheumatology algorithm causes nutrition oncology pathophysiology disorders encephalopathy erythematosus gastroenterology hepatology infectiousdiseases lupus renal
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States Fat-soluble Vitamins: • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
• Dietary Deficiency ... • Pancreatic Disease ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency ... • Liver Disease
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV) Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic" • Iron deficiency
chronic kidney disease ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... deficiency • ... Alcohol use, Liver disease ... Myelodysplastic syndrome
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Congenital Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome • Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy Cancer: • Leukemia • Lymphoma Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... : • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... consumption • Vitamin B12
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Diagnosis and Management ... treatment can improve symptoms ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency ... #neurology #nutrition
Korsakoff Syndrome Clinical Findings: • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Clinical Findings ... initial phase of the disease ... • Anterograde amnesia ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency ... #neurology #diagnosis
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people Autoimmune
of Low Vitamin B12 ... Levels Low vitamin B12 ... Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... , coeliac disease
Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia In patients with anemia, diagnose iron deficiency if: • Ferritin <
Anemia In patients ... with anemia, diagnose ... iron deficiency ... Test for celiac disease ... change medical management
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... • Improve the symptoms ... hematology #diagnosis #management
Fatigue and IBD Algorithm • 40-50% patients have fatigue despite clinical remission • Risk factors: BMI,
fatigue despite clinical ... restricted diet/deficiency ... symptoms even if ... fatigue despite disease ... Algorithm #diagnosis #management
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