78 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #differential #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Dietary Deficiency ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency ... • Liver Disease
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Diagnostic Framework ... chronic kidney disease ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
- Differential Diagnosis ... : • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... consumption • Vitamin B12
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Management Diagnosis ... treatment can improve symptoms ... (chronic B1 deficiency ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #neurology #nutrition
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Clinical Findings ... initial phase of the disease ... • Anterograde amnesia ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency ... #neurology #diagnosis
Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia
In patients with anemia, diagnose iron deficiency if:
 • Ferritin <
with anemia, diagnose ... iron deficiency ... Test for celiac disease ... change medical management ... Evaluation #workup #diagnosis
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
of Low Vitamin B12 ... Levels Low vitamin B12 ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... , coeliac disease ... #differential #diagnosis
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... , GATA2 deficiency ... • Improve the symptoms ... oncology #hematology #diagnosis ... #management
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... to IBD, celiac disease ... , alcohol use, symptoms ... #diagnosis #management