22 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #differential #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #nutrition
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
of Copper Deficiency ... Musculoskeletal: Low ... Haematological: Anaemia ... drkeithsiau #Copper #Deficiency ... #diagnosis #signs
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency ... #diagnosis #management ... #nutrition
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... Most cases diagnosed ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... respiratory failure • Neurologic
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
and workup ... 1) Clinical diagnosis ... Whipple, vitamin deficiency ... - Progressive amnesia ... (parkinsonian signs
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... may result from low ... oncology #hematology #diagnosis
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Pathogenesis and clinical ... - Little or no nutritional ... hemolysis - anemia ... Refeeding #Syndrome #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #symptoms #signs
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Platelet Disorders • Nutritional ... : vitamin B12 or ... Workup: • Complete ... Myelodysplastic #Syndromes #diagnosis
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
e.g AEIOU ) or anuria ... : Hypovolemia, Low ... creatinine (in 12 ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
is unconscious, signs ... calcium. ❽ Treat anaemia ... Ischemia #Ischaemia #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup