14 results
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
evaluation of macrocytic ... the most likely cause ... recovery also causes ... deficiency. ... #Anemia #VitaminB12
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... • Drugs Oval Macrocytes ... • Dietary Deficiency ... - Low Serum B12 ... and Folate Deficiency
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Approach - MCV) Low ... " • Iron deficiency ... MCV - >96fL - "Macrocytic ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... antagonists #VitaminB12 ... #deficiency #low
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... : • Worsening macrocytic ... diagnosis #management #nutrition
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
Inhibited Pathway caused ... deficiency. ... The classic clinical ... of pernicious anemia ... #NitrousOxide #VitaminB12
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
e.g AEIOU ) or anuria ... require urgent nephrology ... : Hypovolemia, Low ... creatinine (in 12 ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... common cytopenia: Macrocytic ... Platelet Disorders • Nutritional ... : vitamin B12 or ... Workup: • Complete
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... and petechiae Causes ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... may result from low