26 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Deficiency States ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... B12 - Anaemia, ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
evaluation of macrocytic ... the most likely cause ... recovery also causes ... B12 deficiency ... deficiency.
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
• Thiamine - Nausea ... ataxia), Korsakoff syndrome ... anemiaVitamin ... B12 - Macrocytic ... #nutrition #table
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
MCV - >96fL - "Macrocytic ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin ... B12 deficiency, ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... • Drugs Oval Macrocytes ... • Dietary Deficiency ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
• Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis Nutritional ... consumption • Vitamin ... B12 • Folate deficiency
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
longstanding thiamine (vitamin ... B1) deficiency, ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... and Sjögren's syndrome
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
- Vitamin B12 ... a syndrome identical ... B12 deficiency. ... The classic clinical ... of pernicious anemia
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... : • Worsening macrocytic ... #management #nutrition