21 results
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Brudzinski’s Sign ... flexion causes spinal ... While the pathophysiology ... an involuntary reflex ... PhysicalExam #Pediatrics #Peds
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
gait, strength, reflexes ... superior iliac spine ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK #pathophysiology ... #differential # ... diagnosis #signs
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Acute Spinal Cord ... bladder and rectal reflex ... weakness and #Acute ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... and signs below ... myelopathy - Vit B12 ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... diagnosis #neurology #differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
etc) in lumbar spine ... Signs / Symptoms ... of normal leg reflexes ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #signs
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... abdominojugular, reflux ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... HF → no signs of
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... Spasticity - Reflexes ... • Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... management #neurology #differential
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... of UMN and LMN signs ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Edema (NCPE) - Differential ... remodeling of the spiral ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... - The classic signs
Acute Otitis Media: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings (in Children)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: 
 - Bacterial: Streptococcus
Acute Otitis Media ... #OtitisMedia #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs #peds #pediatrics