9 results
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... and signs below ... myelopathy - Vit B12 ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... #cord #spinalcord
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
flexion causes spinal ... flexion occurs as ... an involuntary reflex ... Video by Dr. ... PhysicalExam #Pediatrics #Peds
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
HIV) - Vitamin B12 ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... in deep tendon reflexes ... unilateral) #SpinalCord ... syndromes #lesions #differential
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
brainstem and multiple spinal ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... conditions listed in differential ... neurology #diagnosis #management
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Spasticity - Reflexes ... • Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... Myelitis #diagnosis #management ... #neurology #differential
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
white matter, spinal ... Medium and large also ... Behcet disease) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #signs #symptoms
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Neurological symptoms ... edema visualized as ... Reversible course Differential ... Seizures: Treat with AEDs ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management
Approach to Joint Pain - Arthritis Differential Diagnosis Framework

Inflammatory Versus Noninflammatory Pain
 • Is it inflammatory
Pain - Arthritis Differential ... peripheral vs axial (spine ... noninflammatory Signs ... constitutional symptoms ... conditions such as
Evaluation of Recurrent Falls

Core Concept:
Maintaining an upright posture requires the integrated function of multiple systems.
Disruption in
presyncope, exertional symptoms ... e.g., diabetic, B12 ... deficiency) - Spinal ... positive Romberg sign ... neuron disease (ALS