16 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Complete hemicord lesion ... bladder and rectal reflex ... and #Acute #SpinalCord ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
HIV) - Vitamin B12 ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... in deep tendon reflexes ... unilateral) #SpinalCord ... #lesions #differential
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... Vitamins #Deficiency #differential ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #nutrition
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
and signs below ... myelopathy - Vit B12 ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... #spinal #cord #spinalcord
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... indicates pontine lesion ... • Examine for signs
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... • Meningeal signs ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... Space-occupying brain lesion
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
meningitis), MCC CNS symptoms ... oral ulcers in 12 ... Behcet disease) Differential ... diagnosis #management #signs ... #symptoms #rheumatology
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... pressure, mass lesions ... #headache #signs ... #symptoms #clues ... #differential #
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... Space occupying lesions ... endocrine: Vitamin B12 ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... #Weakness #Differential
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of UMN and LMN signs ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in