37 results
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... • Small Bowel Disorder ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... ITP • SLE • CLL ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... #Hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
are a group of disorders ... caused by blood ... Neutropenia • Platelet Disorders ... Nutritional: vitamin B12 ... (examples: ATG
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... lymphoproliferative disorders ... #anemia
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Philadelphia - BCR-ABL ... -> AML: Blast crises ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... malignancies • Anemia ... Chronic inflammatory disorders ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... myeloid leukemia (CML
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
and Platelet Disorders ... family history - Medications ... changes), high MCV anemia ... not required in all ... #Workup #hematology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... ) = {Na - (Cl + ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Renal failure (uremia ... #AcidBase #disorders
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
Causes of Pleural ... • Post-CABG ... • Medication ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Hepatology ... #causes
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... gastric acidity, medications ... dysfunction, and/or disorders ... wt loss • If anemia ... Treatment: • Oral