24 results
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Acid Sequestrants ... Bile Acid Sequestrants ... Bile Acid Synthesis ... Plasma LDL-C #biliary ... #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... gradual loss of bile ... inflammation and biliary ... #PBC #Primary #Biliary
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Algorithm

IBS-Constipation:
 • Constipation: Osmotic laxatives
 • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics

IBS-Diarrhea:
 • Diarrhea:
IBS) Treatment Algorithm ... Diarrhea: Loperamide, Bile ... acid sequestrant ... Treatment #Management #Algorithm
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... US - Dilated Bile ... Ducts • Common Bile ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • US - Normal Bile ... • US - Dilated Bile ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Transaminitis #Algorithm
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... of intralobular bile ... No extrahepatic biliary ... malignancy #Primary #Biliary
Common Bile Duct Stone on POCUS

Here’s a similar case in a 70yo F with a remote
Common Bile Duct ... Stone on POCUS ... This time on pocus ... Choledocholithiasis #POCUS ... clinical #ultrasound #biliary
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Drugs - Primary biliary ... PSC - Other biliary ... diseases/Bile duct ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Lipoprotein Metabolism

Enterocytes release absorbed lipids the form of triglyceride-rich chylomicrons. These are acted upon by endothelial
producing fatty acids ... lipoproteins (VLDLs) and bile ... acids. ... tissues with fatty acids ... Cholesterol #Metabolism #Pathophysiology
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
membrane (NOT within bile ... stimulated by bile ... acid accumulation ... bilirubin into bile ... Bilirubin #Hepatology #Pathophysiology