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Definitions of AKI, CKD, AKD
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
 • Increase in SCr by 2 50% within
, AKD Acute Kidney ... Oliguria Chronic Kidney ... Disease (CKD): ... > 3 months • Kidney ... months Acute Kidney
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
or other tumor, Calculi ... Structural - Cysts - PKD ... Medullary sponge kidney ... - Malignancy, Calculi ... Schistomiasis, Malignancy, Calculi
Selected Clinical Trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in CVD and CKD
EMPA-REG OUTCOME - Empagliflozin lowered CV events
and CKD EMPA-REG ... SGLT2i in HF and CKD ... lowered adverse kidney ... lowered adverse kidney ... #CKD
NSAID vs ACEI/ARB effects on the Kidneys

Remember that NSAIDs and ACEI/ARB therapy have opposing effects on
effects on the Kidneys ... effects on the kidneys ... contribute to kidney ... patients have CKD ... used for their kidney
Pathophysiology - Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease

#Pathophysiology #Nephrology #Chronic #Kidney #Disease #CKD
Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney ... Nephrology #Chronic #Kidney ... #Disease #CKD
Chronic kidney disease 
#ckd #chronic_kidney_disease
Chronic kidney disease ... #ckd #chronic_kidney_disease
The GFR Clock for Staging CKD

Staging CKD is most frequently done by calculating the estimated glomerular
Clock for Staging CKD ... Staging CKD is ... as a proxy for kidney ... filtered in the kidney ... cut-offs for each CKD
Interpreting Kidney Biomarkers

↑ Creatinine: 
 • AKI, CKD
 • Medications that lead to nephroprotective ↓ in
Interpreting Kidney ... Creatinine: • AKI, CKD ... Cystatin C: • AKI, CKD ... #Biomarkers #Kidney
Approaches to Evaluating Kidney Disease in Patients with HIV Infection #Pathophys #Nephro #IM #HIV #CKD #AKI
to Evaluating Kidney ... Nephro #IM #HIV #CKD
Metformin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3A, 3B, or
Diabetes and Chronic Kidney ... #Metformin #CKD3 ... #CKD4 #Dosing #