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differential aids cns headache peripheral signs vertigo algorithm bacterial causes cmv cytomegalovirus dangerous deadly encephalitis endocarditis fatal findings headaches infectiousdiseases
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS Patients Cytomegalovirus (CMV): double-stranded DNA virus, herpesvirus family. CMV infection: virus isolation or detection
CMV infection: virus ... or signs. ... inclusions or positive ... 50 or less: • Neurologic ... #symptoms
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
Diagnosis Framework ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... Fever, headache, neck ... headache, altered mental ... and <25% culture positive
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO 1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Peripheral and Central ... history of viral infection ... Can occur with neck ... signs or symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache: - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
head in dependent position ... pain involving neck ... thrombophilia, neurologic ... signs/symptoms ... postpartum #Diagnosis
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO • Onset: Sudden • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Peripheral and Central ... #Vertigo #diagnosis ... #findings #signs ... #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red flags (PHANTOMS): • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema •
history of cancer, HIV ... lyme • Altered mental ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... lesion • CNS infection ... #Algorithm #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Viral Encephalitis: MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... Herpesviruses (MCC: HSV ... Coltivirus Symptoms ... influenzae Symptoms ... Acute meningeal signs
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... /symptoms or echo ... intravenous drug use, Central ... large infarct - Infectious ... #Endocarditis #comparison
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis DIAGNOSTICS Paracentesis: • Calculate absolute PMN count (total WBC x PMN %) • Correct
Bacterial Peritonitis DIAGNOSTICS ... Treat if other signs ... only if worsening symptoms ... Optimize volume control ... ↓ rebleeding, infections
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions • Mononeuritis multiplex • Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: Strong sign ... affects the skin, neurologic ... Angiitis of the Central ... • Progressive symptoms
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