9 results
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
caused by a toxic ... Toxic and metabolic ... causes include ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... #neurology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Differentials? ... tubular acidosis/Chronic ... failure - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... newborn Pulmonary veno-occlusive ... neurofibromatosis, vasculitis Metabolic ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Causes
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Differential Diagnosis ... - Chronic ... METABOLIC - Electrolyte ... cardiovascular causes ... #Neurology #Geriatrics
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Reversible course Differential ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... leukoencephalopathy, Cerebral venous ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology