13 results
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal potassium ... renal failure • Chronic ... Drugs Increased potassium ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Epilepsy Seizure Types - Generalized vs Focal

Generalized Seizures
 - Absence seizures 
 - Myoclonic seizures
seizures - Tonic-clonic ... Seizures #Types #Classification ... #Neurology #Differential
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
of Seizures - Differential ... Atonic, Tonic-clonic ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Prophyria #Seizures #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Recent IV potassium ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Recent IV potassium ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... Potassium-sparing ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... Metabolic #NAGMA #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Differentials? ... tubular acidosis/Chronic ... failure - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... acute reversal of chronic ... dehydrogenase activity: Chronic ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
metabolic acidosis • Chronic ... D-lactic acidosis • Chronic ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #