11 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Acute or chronic ... failure - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... , Pyroglutamic acid ... Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Causes of Neuromuscular ... Mononeuritis multiplex, Phrenic ... aminoglycosides) • Muscles: Acid ... Malnutrition, Metabolic ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
acidosis • Chronic ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
general seizure caused ... Toxic and metabolic ... causes include ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
neuropsychiatric symptoms • Caused ... by liver insufficiency ... rule out other causes ... of neurologic/cognitive ... Encephalopathy #Grading #Classification
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
trauma - Ischemic colonic ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
trauma - Ischemic colonic ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology