10 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Mixed* - Inherited carbonic ... Renal #Tubular #Acidosis ... #RTA #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... failure (acute and chronic ... Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute vs Chronic ... /Chronic renal failure ... - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Management of Lupus Nephritis
Lupus nephritis (LN) in 10 to 40% of SLE
Hallmark = proteinuria 20.5 g/g
severity (ISN/RPS classification ... by 12 months Classification ... ) : active and chronic ... Nephritis #Management #treatment ... #rheumatology #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
trauma - Ischemic colonic ... - Metabolic acidosis ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... potassium #high #nephrology
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
Respiratory insufficiency ... Myasthenia Gravis Treatment ... - Symptomatic Treatment ... inhibition - Chronic ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
trauma - Ischemic colonic ... - Metabolic acidosis ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
Caused by liver insufficiency ... other causes of neurologic ... noxious stimuli) TREATMENT ... Initiate empiric treatment ... Encephalopathy #Grading #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... - Diuretics (carbonic ... Renal tubular acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology