13 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Diagnosis, and Features ... #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hyperparathyroidism classification
Different causes and features of hyperparathyroidism - raised parathormone (PTH).

#Diagnosis #Hyperparathyroidism #Differential #Primary #Secondary #Tertiary
Different causes ... and features of ... #Differential #Primary ... Secondary #Tertiary #Comparison ... #Table #Classification
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... and Features According ... Cushing's syndrome, Primary ... #Classification ... #Comparison #Table
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... Vasopressin-independent - Consider: Primary ... polydipsia, Low ... #causes #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... water intake (Primary ... polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low ... or High Renin, Low ... Chronic heparin - Primary ... #Aldosterone #Comparison ... #Table #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Toxidromes Compared: Anticholinergic, Cholinergic, Opioid, Sympathomimetic, Sedative-Hypnotic

During your physical exam, look for evidence of some of
of some of the classic ... There are a lot ... of specific features ... Toxicology #Toxidromes #Comparison ... #Table #Anticholinergics