247 results
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ... staining): • Low Complement ... Post-strep GN, Lupus ... Idiopathic • Normal Complement ... Kidney: Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis
Causes of Hypocomplementemia - CHAMPS Mnemonic
C - Cryoglobulinemia (85%), C3 glomerulopathy, cirrhosis
H - Heavy Chain deposition
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ... Post/pauci immune glomerulonephritis ... S - Systemic Lupus ... Hypocomplementemia #Low #Complement
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
antigen, leading to complement ... Complement activation ... Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ... , and systemic lupus
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
antigens, leading to complement ... they activate complement ... Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ... , Systemic lupus
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
- Necrotizing glomerulonephritis ... , pauci-immune glomerulonephritis ... inflammation Others: • Lupus ... such as systemic lupus ... against MPO • Complement
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
Skin ulcers - Glomerulonephritis ... • Low serum C4 complement ... (e.g. systemic lupus
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ... staining (lg + complement ... MGPN • Complement ... of alternative complement ... Membranoproliferative #Glomerulonephritis
Approach to managing Glomerulonephritis (GN) in children. 

ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; c-ANCA, cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies;
Approach to managing Glomerulonephritis ... SLE, systemic lupus ... #Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
ANCA:
 • C-ANCA: GPA (Wegener's)
 • P-ANCA: Microscopic Polyangiitis, Eosinophilic GPA (Churg
Glomerulonephritis ... Membranoproliferative • ↓C4: Lupus ... Medicine @SCVMCMed #Glomerulonephritis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
IgA, post-strep, lupus ... Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ... • Lupus glomerulonephritis ... Post-Infectious glomerulonephritis