11 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
spine Signs / Symptoms ... reflexes) • Urinary ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Bladder retention -> Primarily ... hemicord lesion -> Primarily ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
- CHF - Pulmonary ... Constipation - MSK ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... beta-spectrin, which is crucial ... nonimmune hemolysis MSK ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... patients have no symptoms ... Pulmonary: dyspnea ... acute sarcoidosis Pulmonary ... anterior/posterior MSK
Scoliosis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings (Cobb Angle > 10 Degrees)

 • Incr Axial rotation of thoracic
Exertion, Restrictive Pulmonary ... #Scoliosis #pathophysiology ... #msk #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
Findings • Primary ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... stages #staging #msk
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
acute respiratory symptoms ... symptoms • Rheumatologic ... symptoms • Pericarditis ... : • Primary pulmonary ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology