2883 results
CAPNOGRAPHY 
Provides a measure of ventilation – or concentration of CO2 exhaled air (aka end tidal
Apnea or hypoventilation ... detect Apnea or hypoventilation ... #Capnography #curarecleft ... #hypoventilation ... #hyperventilation
Table of Breathing Patterns and Their Associated Conditions
Apnea
Biot's respirations
Bradypnea
Cheyne-Stokes respirations	
Hyperpnea
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation
Kussmaul respirations
Orthopnea
Paradoxic ventilation
Sighing respirations
Tachypnea
Hoover's sign

#Breathing #Patterns #Diagnosis
respirations Hyperpnea Hyperventilation ... Hypoventilation
Capnography Waveforms
Sudden loss of waveform
 • ET tube disconnected, dislodged, kinked or obstructec
 • Loss of
Asthma • COPD Hypoventilation ... Hyperventilation
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Atelectasis Central Hypoventilation ... Hypothyroidism Peripheral Hypoventilation ... • Obesity Hypoventilation ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
average settings • Causes ... Mount Everest) HYPOVENTILATION ... gas equation • Causes ... sedatives, obesity-hypoventilation ... • Most common cause
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
PVFM) Cardiac Causes ... Hematologic Causes ... acidosis of any cause ... Central neurogenic hyperventilation ... Endocrine Causes
Causes of Dizziness / Lightheadedness - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Lightheaded, unsteady, disoriented - Non-vertigo
Organic Disease
 • Presyncope/Vasodepressor
Causes of Dizziness ... Hypotension • Hyperventilation ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperventilation Test to Induce an Absence Seizure

#Hyperventilation #Test #Absence #Seizure #clinical #video #physicalexam #neurology #PetiteMal
Hyperventilation ... Absence Seizure #Hyperventilation
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... exercise-related loss • Hyperventilation ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
starvation, diabetic) Causes ... Acetazolamide Causes ... alkalosis: - Hyperventilation ... - Salicylates Causes ... Asthma, Obesity hypoventilation