9 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hypokalemia #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro #Hypokalemia #Acidosis #Alkalosis #Algorithm #Differential #Ddxof
and Evaluation ... of Hypokalemia # ... Diagnosis #EM #IM ... #Acidosis #Alkalosis ... #Differential #Ddxof
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Diagnosis Poor ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... #Low #Potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Base Disorders - Evaluation ... 3) Now, look at ... the chronicity (acute ... , chronic, or acute ... #acidosis #alkalosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... UNa > 20: • Acute
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #differential #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
/ hypoxemia -> focus ... - Shock - Hypovolemia ... LV failure - Low ... cardiac output - Acute ... peritonitis - Acute
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
hormonal imbalances (low ... lead to metabolic alkalosis ... lead to metabolic acidosis ... loss of HCO3- in diarrhea ... pathophysiology #diagnosis