8 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hypokalemia #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro #Hypokalemia #Acidosis #Alkalosis #Algorithm #Differential #Ddxof
and Evaluation ... of Hypokalemia # ... Diagnosis #EM #IM ... #Acidosis #Alkalosis ... #Differential #Ddxof
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Diagnosis Poor ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... #Low #Potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... Diarrhea B. ... Hypokalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... UNa > 20: • Acute
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... other • Severe potassium