11 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... and Evaluation ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... Diagnosis #EM #IM ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... Diagnosis #EM #IM ... #Urology #Hematuria ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Cushing's syndrome, Liddle ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Neuropathy • Metabolic ... Willis via UNC IM ... Peripheral #Neuropathy #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Liddle - Dr. ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... deficiency • Liddle ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... Approach (when evaluation ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... Neurologic disorders ... #Differential #
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Hearing Loss - Differential ... The evaluation should ... include a: • Neurologic ... tympanic membrane • Neurologic ... Hearing #Loss #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Cushing's syndrome, Liddle ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes