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Orthopedic Essentials - Spinal Trauma and Spine Classification 
DENIS THREE COLUMN CONCEPT
Anterior column:
Trauma and Spine ... : Don't cause spinal ... injury 3 Cauda ... #Fracture #Trauma ... #Orthopedics #diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... • MCC- acute ... sequestration • Saddle ... - Emergency Causes ... neoplasms • trauma
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
bladder dysfunction, saddle ... pain, high energy trauma ... of neoplasm • Fracture ... Radicular Symptoms • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Syndromes Spinal ... Causes of spinal ... Vertebral burst fracture ... involvement Cauda ... #differential #diagnosis
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Conditions: • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome ... pain, sciatica, saddle ... Commonly caused ... such as fibular fracture
Stool Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Affected Pelvic Floor 
 - Trauma/Surgery
   • Surgery: Anorectal,
Bowel • Pelvic Fracture ... Brain, Spinal Cord ... , Cauda Equina) ... Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... #Algorithm #Causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... • Trauma or epidural ... Incontinence • Saddle ... pathophysiology #diagnosis