8 results
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
and Differential Diagnosis ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... neck, prostatic) #Diagnosis ... #EM #IM #Urology ... Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... #nephrology #casts
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Diagnosis Framework ... The evaluation should ... include a: • Neurologic ... (80% to 90% of cases ... cause unknown)
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... chronic pain • loss ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... Nephrolithiasis • Metabolic ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... Approach (when evaluation ... Age less than 30 ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... Neurologic disorders
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... presentation, temporal evolution ... present in 15% of cases ... Demyelinating disease caused
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... kidney disease • Liddle ... Prevention of blood loss
Handlebar Traumatic Injury 
Young girl presents to you after low energy, helmeted bicycle accident. Her vitals
HANDLE BAR INJURIES ... in over 80% of cases ... presentations can be less ... and/or delayed diagnosis ... consultation, evaluation