13 results
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... diabetes Key signs ... /symptoms of HHS ... #IM #Endo #DKA ... #HHS #Ddxof
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
and Evaluation ... 2) Presence of symptoms ... (HA, nausea, confusion ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms
Associated Psychological / Behavioural Features
 • Feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment
episodes • Self-evaluation ... Sores, scars, calluses ... inducing vomiting #BulimiaNervosa ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... Incontinence • Saddle ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... crackles in the right middle ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... of end organ damage ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Cullen's sign. Lipase 1,781. Bruising in the skin around the umbilicus. This sign is named after
conditions that cause ... Pathophysiology: ... pregnancy, or other causes ... onset of other symptoms ... #cullensign #em
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
inflammation of middle ... hearing loss, nausea ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #otology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Hypernatremia & end ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... #causes #stroke
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... ear bones causes ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications