8 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Lactic Acidosis - Overview and Pathophysiology
Lactic acid is an endogenous substrate for gluconeogenesis, that is constantly
Lactic Acidosis ... - Overview and Pathophysiology ... why LR does not cause ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #classification
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
• Caused by splanchnic ... Pathophysiology: ... Exclude other AKI causes ... Classification: ... Treatment Overview
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
Shock Overview ... death -> end-organ dysfunction ... Renal: metabolic acidosis ... ), renal (over-diuresis ... #differential #causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... gastrointestinal osmotic gradient ... metabolic acidosis ... #Pathophysiology
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
Shock Overview ... death -> end-organ dysfunction ... Renal: metabolic acidosis ... ), renal (over-diuresis ... #differential #causes
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... rice/processed grains ... gravidarum - Diuretic ... and myocardial dysfunction ... seen • Lactic acidosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome Overview ... with thiazide diuretic ... abuse • Salt craving ... Renal tubular acidosis ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology