619 results
Ascites Management Principles
Low Salt Diet - 2000 Mg Sodium
Fluid Restriction - Never
Work-horse Diuretic - Aldosterone Antagonist
Combination
Restriction - Never Work-horse ... Diuretic - Aldosterone ... Antagonist Combination Diuretics ... - Add-on Loop Diuretics
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... volume loss - diuretics ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Diuretics (discontinued ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Diagnosis and Workup ... Blood Work: - ... Normotensive - No diuretic ... Syndrome #Diagnosis #Workup
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... reabsorption) Workup ... improve GFR - Diuresis ... (IV loop diuretic ... - IV loop diuretic
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Framework #Workup
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
D - Diarrhea/diuretics ... nickmmark #acidbase #workup
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis 
step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic
step 2 = consider fludrocortisone
step
fludrocortisone step 3 = diuretic ... determine response to diuretic ... criticalcare #treatment #diuretics ... #diuresis #nephrology