16 results
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
- Differential Diagnosis ... Pneumonectomy • Trapped lung ... - Oncotic • Cirrhosis ... Malignancy • Pulmonary ... #Hepatology #causes
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... absence of intrinsic lung ... with or without cirrhosis ... on radioactive lung ... #treatment #hepatology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
WBC >100k, + lab signs ... organ damage • Treatment ... Low calcium • Treatment ... #TLS #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ... rash) • Heart, lung ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Hematology #Rheumatology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... Triggers: ATRA treatment ... Imaging: CXR- pulmonary ... Renal Failure Treatment ... #management #hematology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Definition: Overwhelming clinical syndrome associated with excessive macrophage activation and cytokine storm due to
Overwhelming clinical syndrome ... : HLH signs and ... • Bicytopenia Treatment ... #management #treatment ... #hematology
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
Hypertension Presence of pulmonary ... causes (chronic lung ... m/s • Other signs ... pressure < 15mmHg TREATMENT ... #management #hepatology
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
• Mounier-Kuhn syndrome ... Nasal polyps and signs ... in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung ... mycobacteria Treatment
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Physical Exam/Signs ... phenomenon CLL Diagnosis ... microglobulin Treatment ... • Richter’s Syndrome ... workup #oncology #hematology
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
symptoms • Rheumatologic ... Histoplasmosis Diagnosis ... , neutropenia, cirrhosis ... change in the lungs ... nails, bronchi, lungs