13 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... , Hypomagnesemia ... #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Diagnosis Poor ... type 4) - Salt wasting ... - Polyuria - Hypomagnesemia ... Low #Potassium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Work: - Hypokalemia ... - Hypomagnesemia ... Fractional excretion of Cl ... kidneys Genetic Testing ... #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Alcoholism (worsened by hypomagnesemia ... Fever Other: - Hypomagnesemia ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Hyponatremia, Hypomagnesemia ... , Hypocalcemia, ... #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Screening Testing ... (correction of hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #table
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... confirmed via genetic testing ... continued in most cases ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology