10 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Kidney ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... Urine chloride is ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Elevated Renin Urine ... Fractional excretion of Cl ... autosomal dominant kidney ... of echogenic kidneys ... #Workup #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Diagnosis Framework ... and Workup NAGMA ... Chloride Intoxication ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... Urine Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... #potassium #differential ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... K wasting from ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... Spot PC (protein ... in monitoring low-level ... #workup #diagnosis ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... urine Cl; • ... confirmed via genetic testing ... #differential # ... algorithm #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Spot PC (protein ... in monitoring low-level ... glomerular #disease #workup ... #diagnosis #initial ... #testing #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... lysis) ± Urine ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology