12 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Stage 3: Severe/exudative ... disc edema. -> Papilledema ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Papilledema on Ocular POCUS

Eye, linear probe, optic nerve (ON) elevation >0.6 mm into globe (crescent sign)
POCUS Eye, linear ... probe, optic nerve ... globe (crescent sign ... #Ocular #POCUS ... clinical #ultrasound #ophthalmology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Pseudo-hypopyon • Secondary ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
- Impinges on nerves ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
lacrimal sac, secondary ... Periorbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
lights are a key symptom ... leads to optic nerve ... damage & blindness Signs ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
Transudation or exudation ... bone): facial nerve ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
- Autonomic symptoms ... - Miosis Secondary ... meningeal irritation signs ... the trigeminal nerve ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Cholesteatoma (of middle ear): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Congenital trapping of keratinizing epithelium in middle
the middle ear Signs ... • Aural Polyp secondary ... media • Facial nerve ... Cholesteatoma #MiddleEar #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Secondary Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Open-Angle Secondary Glaucoma:
 • Pre-trabecular defect -> Aqueous outflow is obstructed
cribosa -> Optic nerve ... damage to optic nerve ... growth factors, oxidative ... #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology