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Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Chest Pain:
 • Myocardium:
	- Myocarditis
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
	- Myopericarditis
Chest Pain - Differential ... Myocarditis - CAD/ACS ... Pleuritis • Alveoli ... : - CHF - Pneumonia ... Diagnosis #Causes #Cardiology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Chest x-ray: signs ... Kerley B lines, alveolar ... → no signs of CXR ... Consider cardiac ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
STEMI Equivalents on ECG
 • Conventional STEMI - Elevation of ST segment at (or 40-60 ms
Equivalents on ECG ... J point • De Winter ... of the leads l, aVL ... #differential # ... cardiology #electrocardiogram
Bradycardia
1) First Steps: IV, O2, Monitors, ECG, Pads on patient, Crash Cart in room. Is patient
worsening brady, Signs ... AMS, SOB from CHF ... , Chest Pain • ... bradycardia #diagnosis #differential ... #management #cardiology
Stage III - Alveolar edema
This stage is characterized by continued fluid leakage into the interstitium, which
The following signs ... and an enlarged cardiac ... see an enlarged cardiac ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Alveolar
Approach to ECGs - Ischemia
MI = Biomarkers + ECG or echo/angiogram findings
Pathologic Q - 1/3 height
Equivalents / Don't Miss Signs ... asymmetrical, similar or bigger ... wave inversion in avL ... electrocardiogram #cardiology ... Interpretation #differential
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the result of insufficient output because of cardiac failure, high resistance
output because of cardiac ... finally into the alveoli ... can be seen on a chest-film ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CHF #CXR #Features
Increased pulmonary venous pressure is related to the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and can be
features on the chest ... be present at all ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CHF #CXR #Stages ... #Findings #Signs
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
exam Determine Cardiac ... disease b) CHF ... one post op Cardiology ... change CV risk Chest ... postoperative cardiac
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Signs of congestion ... ECG is vital while ... #diagnosis #differential ... algorithm #management #cardiology ... #heartfailure #chf