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differential causes hyponatremia potassium alkalosis anticoagulation calcium chloride citrate gitelman hyperkalemia hypernatremia hypocalcemia hypotonic intercellularshift management pathophysiology physiologic syndrome table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... intake • Metabolic ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Once ... filling of bucket (low ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #workup #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Low ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #calcium
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea pH Normal 1. Decreased Mg 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... consumption • Low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
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