29 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... XR — scotty dog sign ... vertebrae • CT ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #signs #symptoms
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Pathogenesis and clinical ... onto lateral hip Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... #msk #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #signs
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
Pathogenesis and clinical ... pre-determined etiology Signs ... TendonRupture #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... pathophysiology #msk
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... Splint: Posterior long ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #MSK
Fat Embolism Syndrome
Trauma to the long bone or pelvis accounts for —9096 of cases. The diagnosis
Trauma to the long ... The diagnosis is ... stabilization of fractures ... FES is a clinical ... #Signs #Symptoms
Posterior Elbow Dislocation
The elbow is the second most commonly dislocated major joint in adults and the
can't make A-OK sign ... • ED Management ... Splint: Posterior long ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Sports #MSK
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
and Management ... extrapulmonary cases Clinical ... Signs/Symptoms: ... years - May have signs ... involvement - CT
Galeazzi Fracture 
Fracture of distal radial shaft with distal radial-ulnar joint disruption. Remember “MUGR” to recall
will be obvious; signs ... Splint: Posterior long ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Management #Orthopedics ... #MSK
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs