9 results
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
fastidious bacteria or fungi ... antimicrobials, clinical ... Tropheryma whipplei, Fungi ... bacteria) and 18S ( fungi ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #differential
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial: 
 • No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp
Pulmonary Infections ... > 200: Endemic fungi ... Aspergillus spp, Endemic fungi ... failure, COPD, Lung ... diagnosis #evaluation #differential
Miliary Pattern - Chest Radiology
 • Miliary opacities are scattered, small (1 -4 mm) nodules
 •
throughout the lungs ... Opacities: • Infectious ... - Endemic fungi ... #diagnosis #pulmonary ... #CXR #clinical
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan
Beta-D-Glucan:
 • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi
 • Pathogens:
component of many fungi ... infection (IFI) ... cut-offs defined in clinical ... BAL GM does not differentiate ... closely related fungi
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
affecting the lungs ... (NTM) • Fungal ... • Progressive lung ... characteristic features Clinical ... TB #Diagnosis #Management
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
polymicrobial infection ... Lung Abscess - Clinical ... Prevotella • Fungal ... #Abscess #pulmonary ... #differential #
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
affecting the lungs ... (NTM) • Fungal ... • Progressive lung ... characteristic features Clinical ... TB #Diagnosis #Management
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
has five major clinical ... stain of clinical ... change in the lungs ... nails, bronchi, lungs ... #Diagnosis #Management
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan and Galactomannan Testing Sensitivity Specificity and False Positives
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan
 • Cell wall component of many fungi
component of many fungi ... surfaces, Albumin, Infections ... in BAL does not differentiate ... result in + as long ... closely related fungi