3925 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... ratio < 15 mEq/g ... suggests extra-renal causes ... ratio > 15 mEq/g ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Metabolic acidosis: G ... starvation, diabetic) Causes ... Acetazolamide Causes ... - Salicylates Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Penicillin G ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
urine protein >1.0 g/ ... cell/white cell casts ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Penicillin G ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... (Bactrim, PCN G-K ... only if no clear cause ... Patiromer (8.4-25.2 g/ ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... subnephrotic range (< 3.5 g/ ... but in severe cases ... proteinuria (> 3.5 g/ ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Drugs Causing Acute Pancreatitis

Class Ia: The medications in which there was a rechallenge and other causes
rechallenge and other causes ... out other common causes ... Class II: Cases ... and atleast4 case ... #Pancreatitis #Causes
Diagnosis and Management of Hypernatremia

#Hypernatremia #Differential #Algorithm #Causes #Nephrology #Diagnosis

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Nephrology Secrets -
Differential #Algorithm #Causes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD
Normal to mildly increased albuminuria:
 - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
ratio: 30-300 mg/g ... ratio: >300 mg/g ... protein: >3.5 g/ ... hypoalbuminemia (<3.0 g/ ... classification #CKD #nephrology