1085 results
Severity of Aortic Stenosis in Adults 
Current ACC/AHA guidelines recommend cut-off values for Doppler-echocardiographic measurements of
0.6 cm2/m2, mean gradient ... transvalvular gradient ... , inconsistent grading ... <1 cm2 with a gradient
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Approach to the A-a Gradient ... A-a gradient = ... PAO2 - PaO2 A-a gradient ... - PaO2 Normal Gradient ... A-a Gradient
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Algorithm by A-a Gradient ... Normal A-a Gradient ... compliance ↑ A-a Gradient ... pulmonary #Aa #Gradient
Aortic Stenosis Grading on echocardiography
The cut-offs for grading can be found in table 1. Discrepancies are
Aortic Stenosis Grading ... The cut-offs for grading ... 4.0 m/s and mean gradient
Ascites Differential Diagnosis Table - Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 • Cirrhosis
 • Portal
Ascites Albumin Gradient ... Serum #Albumin #Gradient
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
ascites albumin gradient ... ascites #albumin #gradient
Commonly Used Clinical Grading Systems
 • Edema Grading Scale
 • Hepatic Encephalopathy Grading (West Haven Criteria)
Used Clinical Grading ... Systems • Edema Grading ... Encephalopathy Grading ... Systolic Murmur Grading ... • Ascites Grading
Pathophysiology Of Constriction
Exaggerated Ventricular Interdependence:
 • Limited Cardiac Filling due to Fixed Volume → Septum Shifts
Pathophysiology ... equally → MV Inflow Gradient ... chambers. ↓ MV Inflow Gradient ... #pericarditis #pathophysiology
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
Clinical Findings Grading ... #orthopedics #Grading ... Grades #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Diabetes Pathophysiology and Medication Targets

The ominous octet is one concept that summarizes the different pathophysiologic pathways
Diabetes Pathophysiology ... the different pathophysiologic ... #Diabetes #Pathophysiology