216 results
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
fragmentation hemolysis ... syndrome (ST-HUS ... • Severe B12 deficiency ... • Mechanical hemolysis ... anemia" • HELLP syndrome
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Framework for Hemolysis ... Intravascular Hemolysis ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... uremic syndrome ... G6PD deficiency)
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Microcytic - Iron-deficiency ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... spherocytosis, Hemolytic ... Schistocytes - Hemolytic ... uremic syndrome
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
cell disease, deficiency ... anemia, folic acid deficiency ... - Iron deficiency ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... polyangiitis • Behçet's syndrome
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Microangiopathic hemolytic ... Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic ... Bite cells: G6PD deficiency ... interpretation #clinical
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... B12 • Folate deficiency
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... • Vitamin E - Haemolytic ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... #Vitamins #Deficiency
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... cell lysis: - Hemolysis ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Korsakoff Syndrome ... Clinical Findings ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency ... Therefore, Korsakoff Syndrome ... Encephalopathy Treatment
Algorithm for screening/diagnosis and treatment/follow‐up of iron deficiency in patients with chronic heart failure. Hb, haemoglobin;
/diagnosis and treatment ... follow‐up of iron deficiency ... saturation #Iron #Deficiency ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology ... #Indications #Treatment